Indeed, they even appeared before the Mayans. The Olmec civilization is the oldest known Mesoamerican civilization. The name Olmec comes from the Nahuatl language and it means “people of the rubber country”. These sites outside the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico are not Olmecs settlements, but settlements influenced by the Olmec civilization. These sites are located in the central plateau and the pacific coast of Mexico (in the current states of Guerrero, Morelo, Oaxacas and Chiapas), but also in Guatemala and El Salvador. Indeed, numerous archaeological sites has been discovered outside this region with artistic and architectural expression of Toltec influence. But their zone of influence was much bigger.
It is between these two rivers that this empire was located. Numerous Olmecs cities were exhumed between the Papaloapan River and the Tonala River. This partially explains the early and high density of population in this region. Indeed, Corn cultivation in floodplains allows 2 harvests per year. These conditions are favorable for the agriculture. Indeed, this wet and marshy plain is traversed by many rivers and is subject to heavy rain for 6 months (from May to October). The Olmecs are a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilization that was located along the Gulf of Mexico in the coastal plain of the actual states of Veracruz and Tabasco in Mexico. These discoveries let to understand this civilization and to put in light that this old civilization is the “Mother culture” of Mesoamerica. This civilization was further studied in the 20th century and other important archaeological sites were found.
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It is in 1862 that a first colossal stone head was found at Tres Zapotes in the Mexican state of Veracruz. But, unlike other Mesoamerican civilization, they were only discovered in the 19th century. The Olmecs are at the origin of the oldest known Mesoamerican civilization. It is the oldest Mesoamerican civilization and the “Mother culture” of Mesoamerica. This old civilization was discovered less than 2 centuries ago.
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